All the King’s Men is a story regarding political Stark in the South during the 1930′s.  Willie Stark, rises from being a poor man to being the governor of his home state.  After becoming governor, he then becomes his state’s most powerful political figure.  His enemies do not become compliant to him out of respect but because he bullies them into submission.  He begins to help the poor by implementing a series of taxes that strain the rich but help the lower class.  The story is not only about Willie Stark but also about Jack Burden who becomes Stark’s right hand man.  Burden was raised into an aristocratic dynasty but turns his back on it in order to help Stark.  Stark forces Burden to go against his beliefs in consequence, responsibility and motivation.  Stark asks Burden to look for secrets regarding a Judge in the state by the name of Judge Irwin who was a father figure from Burden’s childhood.

All the King’s Men is primarily about the political and moral corruption of a Deep South state, set in the environment of the great depression era.  Willie Stark, the state’s governor, rises from poverty to become the state’s governor.  His corruption shows when, though using his power to help the poor, he begins abusing his authority and ends up hurting people.  The fundamental flaw of Stark’s moral philosophy is his belief that everyone and everything is bad, except himself.  In his mind, Willie sees nothing amiss about having numerous affairs with other woman while being married to Lucy Stark who is constantly disappointed in Willie’s lack of moral fortitude.  His corruption is further revealed when he orders Jack Burden, Willie’s right hand man (and primary narrator of the story), to dig up damaging secrets on Judge Montague Irwin, the former State Attorney General, due to his support of one of Stark’s critics.  Although Burden is very intelligent, he also has a curious lack of ambition that Willie uses to his advantage.

Author Robert Penn Warren began work on All the King’s Men during his residency in Italy, forming it originally as a verse (or poetic) drama under the name Proud Flesh.  Coming to the realization that the material did not lend itself well to such form, Warren changed course and used the concept to develop the novel now seen as a political drama classic of American literature.  Essay opportunities abound, ranging from exploration of the political tendency towards corruption to the manner in which women in political circles even today are seen as objects of sexuality, often becoming victims of exploitation by rich and/or powerful figures.

The book’s rich moral and political themes can also represent significant challenges for students as they prepare essays and term papers.  Experienced, dynamic writers such as ours find them enjoyable and, with their level of experience, can deliver quality essays and term papers to fit almost every need imaginable.  All we need is your order.

Abstract

The paper explores how affirmative action influences employment decisions of managers in the hospitality industry. Affirmative action involves a process of ensuring fairness and justice in order to cultivate the spirit of diversity. The hospitality industry includes numerous types of corporations that provide vital services to the society. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how affirmative action is executed in the industry. Similarly, affirmative action has spread to virtually all industries; therefore, it will be appropriate to evaluate the status in the affirmative action. Human resource is an important section, not only in the hospitality industry but also other industries as well. The paper endeavors to understand how the function of human resource is handled with regard to affirmative action. The government has established a number of laws and policies that govern affirmative action in the hospitality industry as well as other industries. The paper aims at appraising the condition of affirmative action in hospitality industries. Special reference will be given to the process of appointing employees. Whether the industries appoint employees on the foundation of ensuring diversity or not will be the main focus.

Introduction

Affirmative action is a program that provides for the consideration of the minorities, marginalized and protected sections in the society. Therefore, fulfillment with affirmative action should result in the hiring of men and women at an equal rate. Similarly other factors like race and religion should be evaluated so as to ensure that all sections get an opportunity to obtain employment. The human resource function plays a vital role in affirmative action since hiring is a central theme in ensuring equal opportunities. The hospitality industry covers a wide range of service providers that operate throughout the world. These include hotels, restaurants, food chains and transporting. Therefore, a number of plans have been developed to effect affirmative action in the hospitality industry. Most of them have centered on the process on recruitment of employees. The essence of all these programs has been the cultivation of diversity in the work force. This has been driven by the growing trend of affirmative action in all industries, government regulations requiring compliance with its affirmative action policies as well as the industries endeavor to have an inclusive approach to human resource. Aspects of the golden rule have had a far reaching effect on the industry’s approach to hiring. In their endeavor to achieve unprecedented success in business, hospitality companies have endeavored to be inclusive in their process of hiring staff. This involves the consideration of women and other sections in the society that are considered marginalized. The development of affirmative action policies has been the trend in most companies. Therefore, the hospitality industry has joined other industries in embracing affirmative action.

Affirmative Action in the Hospitality Industry

Affirmative action has changed the manner in which human resource sections in companies carry out their operations. This is due to the increasing trend towards the aspect of diversity in the workforce. Therefore, corporations have realized that in order achieve success, an atmosphere of fairness must be created in the process of admitting employees into the companies (Herdman, Grubb & Capehart 2009). This is gradually translating into diverse workforces who have been touted as healthy and therefore, a trajectory to success. This trend has also been inspired by the enactment of several laws that regulate the employing processes. These laws contemplate the fair consideration of all sections of society during hiring as well as the humane treatment of workers. This involves remunerations, work state of affairs and dismissal. Affirmative action has also resulted from the pressure of numerous activists and trade unions. Most of them have pushed for the introduction of fairness in the processes of employment in the industry. In compliance to these programs, the hospitality industry has gradually clinched affirmative action. This began with the considerations of all sections in the hiring progression (Makulilo 2009). As much as the process is still far from complete, the hospitality industry has established a number of frameworks through which affirmative action can be achieved. First among all is the inclusive recruitment course.

Bargaining councils have been instrumental in entrenching affirmative action practices in the hospitality industry. Bargaining councils comprise of trade unions as well as organizations representing organizations. The councils have been instrumental in championing for the rights of workers at the work place. As much as this had little effect of the hiring procedure, it eventually led to the extension of fair treatment in the recruitment. The councils handle a number of tasks that involve compatible agreements (Kennedy 2010). They mitigate disputes and come up with numerous schemes and policies of employees. Such endeavors have contributed to the aspect of equality throughout the hospitality companies. Examples of these councils include The Tearoom, Restaurant & Catering Bargaining Council and the Restaurant, Catering & Allied Bargaining Council.

Sectoral determination plays a significant role in the achievement of equality and better handling of staff. The hospitality industry has therefore, achieved a lot with regard to fairness especially in wages through the pressure of sect oral determination. Sectoral determinations have provided for the wage rate to be based on the number of employees in an organization. Therefore, organizations with small numbers of employees pay more.

Several acts that are relevant with the hospitality industry have been instrumental in the practice of fairness and equality in the sector. Most of the acts have programs that ensure the achievement of good care and treatment for the employees (Taylor 2010). The Occupational Health and Safety Act endeavors to ensure that employees are accorded adequate healthcare and safety in the working environment. Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Deceases Act aims at ensuring that employees who incur sicknesses and injuries at the work place are taken care of. The act discourages discrimination of these workers and prescribes the kind of treatment that should be given to them. The Employment Equity Act seeks to uphold evenhandedness in the work environment. The act also promotes equivalent chances to all employees.

All corporations that deal in hospitality attempt to realize merit in their operations. However, only companies that ultimately make use of the ability of racial and sexual diversity achieve their objectives. The diversity of the population provides for equal approach to hiring (Lickstein 2010). Therefore, only companies that consider the diversity of talent and society manage to navigate beyond normal performance. Furthermore, in order to compete favorably since the 1990’s, companies have been forced to embrace equality in job opportunities at all stages. The job environments must conform to the standards of equality by all means. The demographic inclinations that are responsible for changes in personnel stipulate the skill of managing diversity be cultivated in all levels of administration (Lickstein 2010).

The demographic indicators predict an increase in diversity of the society in the future. Therefore, corporations must cultivate the aspect of managing diversity among the managers at all levels. This will ensure that the corporations continually carry out their operations in the future. Without an open approach to diversity it will not be possible for hospitality organizations to operate. The indicators show that the majority of jobs in the future will arise from the service industry. Most of them will be about information. This shows that the jobs require intellectual prowess alone. As a result, gender, race and age will not be barriers. Corporations must therefore, embrace affirmative action since future jobs will be suitable for men and women as well as all races and groups.  The rate of immigrants is going to increase (Kahlenberg 2010). This means that the number of immigrant workers will increase. Organizations must put in place equality mechanisms so as to take advantage of the increase in potential workers. Only those corporations that will have adopted affirmative action will benefit from the services of migrant workers.

The hospitality industry is on the spot since projections indicate that economic development will rely directly on the claim of products are sensitive to incomes. These include restaurant meals, tourism, healthcare, and travel and luxury foods. Therefore, the industry must ensure that its operations are not obstructed by traditional approaches to employment and discriminations. Affirmative action remains the best way forwards in the restructuring of hospitality organization. Most of the fresh workers in the future will be minorities. Therefore, without a prudent approach to employee hiring based on equality, organizations will miss out on the new employees. The fact that, most new employees will be minorities indicates that, hospitality organizations must fully embrace affirmative action so as to be in a position to manage a diverse workforce. Diversity must be cultivated in the management and operation of the corporations. Most importantly, hiring decisions together with the management of employees must be changed to confirm to norms of equality. The number of black women will rise unexpectedly. Black women will account for the largest share in the nonwhite work category. Consequently black women will surpass black men in the labor force. Gender based discrimination will have no place in the work force since most potential workers will be women. Affirmative action is the only way for companies to operate in the future. Accordingly racism must be brought to an end since blacks will form an integral account of the entire labor force. Similarly white males who have been the major component of the work force are slated to reduce drastically. They will only comprise of 15% of the entire workforce. Therefore, black and other minorities must be ready to take the dominant position in the workforce.

Affirmative Action Support and Challenges

Affirmative action has the backing of many people; it is perceived as the only means towards equality. Affirmative action is essentially founded of a moral and equitable platform with the best objectives. As a result, several organizations and sections of the public and society support the concept (Dodson 2010). This has been the key driving force in the success of affirmative action in the hospitality industry. Numerous corporations have initiated programs that aim at ensuring the full implementation of the affirmative action. This has led to the creation of several affirmative action policies by organizations. The policies have been informed by several consultations between these organizations and the relevant stakeholders. The role played by the government in setting guidelines has also been instrumental. The most viable transformation has been the attitudinal change. The society has fully come to embrace the aspect of equality as envisaged in the affirmative action. Most of these involve racism, sexism and other shapes of inequity. The work place has been the major battleground for all these forms of inequality. However, industry players have come to recognize the importance of initiating equality programs in their operations (Anim 2010). The most visible application of affirmative action has been identical opportunities during the appointing process.

However, the implementation of affirmative action in the hospitality industry has been subject to a number of challenges. The greatest challenge has been the aspect of racism. The concept of racial preference has complicated efforts to cultivate equality in employment and workplace relations (Krotoszynski 2010). This has been brought about by the connection of race and preference. It has been burdensome to society since through this link racism is inculcated in society in the name of stigma that ought to be eradicated. Partisan treatment to certain races in the name of ensuring equality has been counterproductive. In fact quotas have been a setback in the affirmative action endeavors. This is because quotas and other forms of partisan treatments institutionalize inequality. In order for affirmative to be successful organizations must move away from any counterproductive practices that undermine equality.

Equality in organizations can only be achieved through the adoption of structures that establish equal prospects for all. Any practice that seeks to assist certain sections of the society at the expense of others cannot achieve affirmative action. Therefore, the biggest threat to affirmative action in organizations is the focus on short-term goals. Some organizations have evolved a system of creating reservations and quotas for certain sections of the society. This practice might be fruitful in the short run; it has negative effects on affirmative action. Such organizations soon institutionalize inequality through the favoritism. Affirmative action in the organizations requires the culture of diversity coupled with prudent management of the same.

Rigidity in organizations is another aspect that limits the implementation of affirmative action. To counter this trend, organizations ought to develop an atmosphere that cultivates diversity in the workplace. Such an arrangement will leave no room for unnecessary hindrances in the implementation of affirmative action. As much as the major attitudinal obstructions are found in societies, business organizations can play an important role by cultivating diversity and equality in their operations (Alam and Roy 2007). The first way is to ensure that hiring remains a transparent and equal forum for all sections of the society. This should be complemented by the provision of equivalent chances for all employees’ irrespective of their gender and racial background. The establishment of structure that favors affirmative action remains the best way to achieve equality in the organizations. Minorities ought to be accorded equivalent opportunities so as to allow them to grow and compete favorably in the organizations. The equal treatment of minorities will have several benefits in the organizations apart from ensuring equality. First will be the perpetuity of organizations. With respect to future projections, only organizations that provide equal treatment to minorities will survive. This is due to the fact that most potential worker will come from minority category. Organizations with no meaningful structures for diversity and equality often find it difficult to achieve their goals in the midst of the changes. It is virtually impossible to achieve growth in modern times without credible affirmative action policies. Equality can also not be achieved with the necessary structures in place.

Companies in the hospitality industry that fully embrace equality mechanism as far as opportunity is concerned succeed because of the inherent mutual culture and structure. Through the commitment of the companies, right from the highest levels of management and accountability of the personnel development and the provision of equal chance, an inclusive diverse atmosphere is founded in which all people irrespective of their gender and race can make their contribution to the organization (Winston 2008). Through the success of their workforce, accommodative organizations often realize the efficiency, innovativeness and synergy to effectively compete and realize financial breakthrough. Therefore, such organization comprehend that unfairness is harmful to the individuals, corporations as well as the society. Organizations that wholly build and manage culturally diverse abilities of its employees normally derive benefit associated with them. Similarly rigid organizations cannot benefit from the services of culturally diverse workforce.

Employees in culturally diverse organizations work in broadly environments. Their tasks are defined widely and they have the liberty to perform their jobs as well as come up with groups and methodologies they deem fit. Furthermore, the employees have the freedom to participate in new tasks. Diverse organizations concentrate of the development of their employees (Reistad et al., 2010). Therefore, such organizations often have efficient communication systems across the different departments of the organization. These corporations react constructively to change, have effective workers and encourage the growth of minorities. Great prominence is laid of training of workers. The benefits from these endeavors, pose these organizations for financial success as well as better future prospects (Reistad et al., 2010).

Conclusion

Affirmative action has taken root in several business organizations. This trend has been necessitated by the need to cultivate equality and diversity in the workplace. Companies in the hospitality industry have not been left behind. A number of measures have been taken by organizations in the hospitality industry, to entrench affirmative action in their operations. This has mostly involved the hiring practice. Organizations have evolved to ensure that all sections of society irrespective of gender and race obtain their equal share of opportunities of jobs. Furthermore, the working situations in several organizations from the hospitality sector have inducted diversity in their systems. The cultivation of a culture of diversity in these organizations has resulted in equal management of staff at the workplace. Most importantly, it has involved the uplifting of minorities through the opportunities for their growth. The entrenchment of structures that guarantee diversity and equality has been of great success in the organizations. The trend of affirmative action has been boosted by a number of factors. These include future projections which indicate an increase in minorities in the potential workforce category. Government policies have also pressed corporations to clinched affirmative action. Affirmative action has fully been embraced by most organizations in the hospitality industry.

References

Alam, M., & Roy, P. (2007).Corporate Social Responsibility and Affirmative Action  Program. Social Responsibility Journal. 3 (3), 36. Print.

Anim, C. (2010). ‘I wanted positive action, not positive discrimination’: encouraging  members from various backgrounds will result in a stronger RCN. Nursing       Standard. 24 (28), 22. Print.

Dodson, A. (2010). Putting education on the front burner: for the ‘Father of Black History,’ the education of Blacks was the issue.(diverse bookshelf)(The Black-White Achievement Gap: Why Closing It Is the Greatest Civil Rights Issue of Our Time; No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life; The Case  for Affirmative Action on Campus: Concepts of Equity, Considerations for Practice; From the Courtroom to the Classroom: The Shifting Landscape of School  Desegregation)(Book review). Diverse Issues in Higher Education. 26 (26), 13. Print.

Herdman, A., Grubb, L., & Capehart, A. (2009). “Affirmative action decisions: when ignorance  is bliss”. Equal Opportunities International. 28 (5), 28. Print.

Kahlenberg, R. (2010).Toward a New Affirmative Action. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 56 (37), 29. Print.

Kennedy, R. (2010). The enduring relevance of affirmative action. (THE PROSPECT AT  TWENTY). The American Prospect. 21(7) 23. Print.

Krotoszynski, R. (2010). The argot of equality: on the importance of disentangling “diversity”   and “remediation” as justifications for race-conscious government action. Washington    University Law Review. 87(5), 102. Print.

Lickstein, C. (2010). Race and education at a crossroads: how Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 and Wisconsin v. Yoder shed light on the    potential conflict between the black homeschooling movement and K-12 affirmative  action programs. Journal of Gender, Race and Justice. 13 (3), 241. Print.

Makulilo, A. (2009). “Whose affirmative action is affirmative?” lessons from Tanzania”. CEU   Political Science Journal. 4 (4), 412-416. Print.

Reistad, M., et al. (2010). Balance between merit and equity in academic hiring decisions: judgemental content analysis applied to the phraseology of Australian tenure-stream     advertisements in comparison with Canadian advertisements. Australian Universities’  Review. 52 (2), 41. Print.

Taylor, T. (2010).The end of an era? How affirmative action in government contracting can survive after Rothe. (2010 McKenna Long & Aldridge “Gilbert A. Cuneo” Government  Contracts Moot Court Competition). Public Contract Law Journal, 39 (4), 132. Print.

Winston, M. (2008). Diversity: the research and the lack of progress. New Library World. 109 ( ¾), 44. Print.

“A tragedy is a representation of an action that is whole and complete and of a certain magnitude. A whole is what has a beginning and middle and end”.

This famous quote is by none other than the celebrated ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle, 384 BC – 322 BC, whose intellectual thoughts determined the course of Western intellectual history for two millennia. Aristotle is one of the three most gifted and famous philosophers of the Greek Age, the others being Socrates and Plato, the latter also happened to be Aristotle’s guide and mentor. After Plato’s death he travelled widely and became the tutor of Alexander the Great, the Macedonian who nearly conquered the world. During his lifetime, Aristotle produced many notable works in the fields of physics, metaphysics, poetry, theatre, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. “What really characterizes Aristotle as a philosopher is not the number and weight of his conclusions (his ‘doctrines’), but the number and power and subtlety of his arguments and ideas and analyses”, (Ackrill, p. 2). Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues, it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.

In order to understand Aristotle better, we must take a look at his countless contributions for no major philosophical figure has left a more complex legacy for the scholarly editor. Ancient tradition divides the writings of Aristotle into two major categories: exoteric and esoteric. The exoteric publications were written for a wider audience and were meant to be published and distributed beyond the walls of the Academy, Plato’s academy where Aristotle spent twenty years of his life under the guidance of Plato, and were therefore written and edited appropriately by Aristotle himself. Unfortunately, all of these exoteric works have disappeared and hence no evidence of a suitably finished composition by the author exists.

The esoteric works, by contrast, were never designed by Aristotle for publication. They were basically lecture notes or rough drafts, either by Aristotle or recorded by students at the Lyceum, dealing with the many different courses in logic, physics, biology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, rhetoric, and aesthetics which Aristotle gave over a period of more than thirty years. Every text of Aristotle that we are familiar with falls into this category. “Aristotle’s attitude to his predecessors is that of a philosopher rather than a historian. He sees them as aids to reaching the truth; he is not seeking to give a full and accurate account of each of them for his own sake”, (Ackrill, p. 10).

It is believed that Aristotle wrote most of is esoteric texts while still at the Academy and his exoteric texts were written after leaving the school. His surviving works fall into five main categories, the six logical works, which together are known as the Organon,(tool or instrument); the three works on the physical sciences; the work devoted to first philosophy, the most fundamental and abstract of studies, now known as the Metaphysics; six works in politics, ethics, and aesthetics, including most importantly the Nicomachean Ethics named for his son by his second wife, Nicomachus and a vast number of works on psychology and natural history, including On the Soul.

Aristotle founded his own school outside Athens, in a place called the Lyceum. He taught there for thirteen years, giving both public and private lectures. The Lyceum had a broader curriculum than the Academy, and a stronger emphasis on natural philosophy. During this time Aristotle conducted most of the scientific thinking and research for which he is renowned today. In fact, most of Aristotle’s life was devoted to the study of the objects of natural science. Aristotle’s metaphysics contains observations on the nature of numbers but he made no original contributions to mathematics. He did, however, perform original research in the natural sciences, e.g., botany, zoology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, meteorology, and several other sciences.

Aristotle’s writings on science are largely qualitative, as opposed to quantitative. Beginning in the 16th century, scientists began applying mathematics to the physical sciences, and Aristotle’s work in this area was considered to be hopelessly short and inadequate. This was largely due to the absence of concepts like mass, velocity, force and temperature. He had a conception of speed and temperature, but no quantitative understanding of them, due to lack of devices to prove his point. in Physics, Aristotle is famous for the addition of a new element to the already existing four basic elements of life namely, air, earth, fire and water. He named the new element as Aether which is the divine substance that makes up the heavenly spheres and heavenly bodies like stars and planets. Aristotle also contributed to the field of optics. His camera obscura was a device he invented through which he used to examine the shape of the sun. Aristotle is known as The Father of Biology because he was the first person to classify, although crudely, organisms into classes, largely, plants and animals.

“Aristotle’s Ethics begins and ends with this question of the best life, since the task of ethics, as he conceives it, is to seek a systematic answer”, (Broadie, p. 3). Aristotle considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical study, i.e., one aimed at doing well rather than knowing for its own sake. He wrote several texts on ethics, including his famous Nichomachean Ethics. Aristotle taught that to achieve a virtuous and potentially happy character requires a first stage of having the fortune to be habituated not deliberately, but by teachers, and experience, leading to a later stage in which one consciously chooses to do the best things. When the best people come to live life this way their practical wisdom and their intellect can develop with each other towards the highest possible ethical virtue, that of wisdom.

In addition to his works on ethics, which address the individual, Aristotle addressed the city in his work titled Politics. He used to consider the city as a natural community. He considered the city to be a priority to the individuals residing within it, “for the whole must of necessity be prior to the part”. He is also famous for his statement that “man is by nature a political animal.” Aristotle conceived of politics as being like an organism rather than like a machine, and as a collection of parts none of which can exist without the others. Aristotle’s conception of the city is organic, and he is considered one of the first to conceive of the city in this manner.

Aristotle’s immense contribution to the philosophy is still widely praised because his philosophy gave a practical understanding of the world. Most of his philosophy is ethics related that gives a lesson of pursuing a life full of joy and happiness. The philosophy of Aristotle is pro-life, pro-happiness and pro-reason. It is his philosophy that has helped the human beings to achieve greatest successes that they wouldn’t have even dreamed of. The development of America and the industrial revolution is also associated with the philosophy of Aristotle that promotes logical reasoning and acquisition of knowledge to live a happy life.

His explanation of role of senses and validity of reasoning helped the mankind to develop a thought process that would eventually help them in achieving everything that seemed impossible to achieve. He is also famous for creating “this-worldly” ethics that aim to make people realize that happiness is something necessary for the existence of mankind and the ultimate goal of the human beings is to achieve the happiness by utilizing all the resources and capabilities that they possess.

“Aristotle is far from suggesting that all we need is to follow some single direction, no matter what. On the contrary, he continues to say that we should define to ourselves’ what it is to live well and what are the conditions required”, (Broadie, p. 4). Aristotle’s view of happiness was different than the view that the society has, today. For human beings, happiness is a kind of emotional state in which a person is delightful and in peace but according to Aristotle, happiness is achieved when the human beings achieve everything that they can. It is about being what you are and pursuing goals that are necessary for you to flourish. Living at the fullest of your potential is the real meaning of happiness. There is no particular route to happiness but it’s an ongoing struggle to pursue realistic goals that can lead to the state of being happy. Aristotle’s philosophy of happiness revolves around the balance in life. Modesty, according to Aristotle, is very necessary to achieve the happiness because the excessiveness or dearth of something can lead to distress in life. Modesty balances the life in its own pleasant sense.

“What is the best sort of life for a man to lead, and what political arrangements are the best? These are questions Aristotle addresses in his ethical works and in the Politics”, (Ackrill, p. 135). The difference between good and bad presented by Aristotle still guides the societal debate for right and wrong. The debate for right and wrong is also a result of reasoning and logic that was presented by Aristotle. According to him, the biggest crime was to know the right course in life but not taking it. Everyone can distinguish between right and wrong and if someone is not doing the right thing then he is doing the biggest crime. Doing only the right thing through right actions can lead to a happy life that is desired by every individual but acquired by a few people. For Aristotle, happiness is a long-term phenomenon that gives the ultimate wealth to the human beings. For the refinement of thought it is necessary for the human beings to contemplate. The surroundings of a person are the best source for contemplation as they help a person to understand all the worldly things and the virtues of a happy life.

Aristotle’s influence on the drama and fiction is not to be ignored. He wrote a book name “the poetics” in 4th century but it is still widely accepted as the guiding principle for dramas and acts performed live by the artists, (Stenudd, 2006). The fiction in movies and books is completely inspired by Aristotle’s ideas. The structure and theory about drama is influenced by the writings of Aristotle. His short book is a guide for any structural composition of dramas and plays in western society. Every theory about drama is written with reference to him and there is no one who can prove his notions wrong as his writings have presented a complete structure of the drama. His writings were later interpreted by many of the authors but they were challenged because of the misinterpretation due to lack of understandings of the terms that Aristotle has used in his short book, (stenudd, 2006).

His theory is too perfect to be rejected but there are many people who put questions about the validity of his arguments. No one possibly can dismiss whatever he has proved in his book about the structure of the drama. The tragedy genre is also influenced by his writings as he believes that tragedy must be acted as it is not something to be narrated to the audience. Aristotle has also explained the parts of the tragedy and according to him the most important part of a tragedy is fable, which is also known as the “soul of a tragedy”, (Stenudd, 2006).

Twenty-three hundred years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential people who ever lived. He was the founder of formal logic, pioneered the study of zoology, and left every future scientist and philosopher in his debt through his contributions to the scientific method. His writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics. Even if we restrict ourselves to the narrower modern notion of philosophy, his work and influence is too vast to cover in a short space. His research on empirical observation wasn’t restricted to sciences such as biology and astronomy, but extended to history, psychology, language, ethics, and politics. His innumerable contributions have been and will continue to be a source of inspiration and enlightenment to all the future scientists, philosophers, historians and politicians.

References

Ackrill, J. L. Aristotle the Philosopher, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981

Broadie, Sarah. Ethics with Aristotle, Oxford University Press, New York, 1991

Politis, vasilis. Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Aristotle and the Metaphysics, Routledge, London, 2004

Stennud, Stefan. Aristotle’s poetics, 2006, retrieved on 21/11/2010 from http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/aristotle/aristotle-poetics.htm

The modern American society defines failure as something related to non performance of things that are ought to be done and are very crucial.  Failure, today, means not meeting the intended individual objectives.  Modern American society defines failure, with relevance to an individual, who is incapable to be successful by achieving the specific goals that are ought to be achieved.

Death of a salesman is a twentieth century novel which predominantly speaks about the life of the modern man in this modern era which is highly developed in many facets including technology.  The significant objective of the play is that it depicts as to how money has become an obsessions to most people of the world and how the life of a modern man is determined through the amount of his daily or monthly earnings.  The protagonist of the play Death of a Salesman is Willy Loman is a salesman by profession.  However, the author Arthur Miller portrays him to be unsuccessful in his professional career which leaves him dissatisfied and discontented in life provoking him to commit suicide by the end of the play.  Interestingly, the character of Willy Loman has for sure a few redeeming traits.  Willy is confronted with the biggest challenge or rather a bitter truth which is a very big deal both for him and his family members.  With this discontentment and dismay, the depressed salesman Willy Loman commits suicide (Shvoong.com).

Charley compares the salesman to a valiant, brave sailor, “out there in the blue (Spark Notes),” who is left with nothing to direct him and dominant forces against which he is supposed to compete.  He also points out the immense difference between the vastness of the salesman’s duty and the trifling tools with which he is prepared to do his duty: Willy actually was believed to have had only the flimsy smile on his face and buff of his shoe with which he had to sell himself.  Repeated breakdowns faded his smile and made his shoe filthy, which made it even harder to sell himself as a salesman.

Strangely, his obsession with the apparent qualities of charisma and likeability is probably with a more courageous and more gratifying understanding of the American Dream that recognizes hard work without criticism as the important key to success.  Willy Loman’s elucidation of likeability is apparent from the fact that he dislikes Bernard in a childish manner since he considers him to be a nerd.  In this book, it has been masterfully portrayed how the life of a salesman, who is dejected on his luck, unhappy with life, and at the end of his life, resorting to suicide as he perceives it to be the only way to cope with his shattered life.  The play is stunning and disastrous, magnificent and horrible, displaying the dichotomy of intuitive real life.

In conclusion, it can be said that the great American dream was initially about detection, uniqueness, and the quest of happiness.  The era of the 1920s was trouble-free wealth and comfortable communal values have resulted in the American dream getting extremely corrupted, particularly on the East Coast of the nation. The capacity to create significant symbols constitutes a vital constituent of the American dream, as the early Americans invested their brand new nation with their own individual principles and morals.

Works Cited

Shvoong.com. Summary of the Death of a Salesman. 15 September 2009. 26 December 2009 <http://www.shvoong.com/books/1874963-death-salesman/>.

Spark Notes. Character Analysis. 2009. 26 December 2009 <http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/salesman/canalysis.html>.

Section 1

The industry service sector is one that is defined by the demands in the economy for enhanced opportunities.  A growing practice that is offered is marketing, which includes the development and implementation of advertisements for businesses to attract customers to a specific product.  The association with marketing is one that is based not only on service professionals who are able to provide insight into reaching potential customers.  The current trends have allowed marketing to expand into consulting and independent services that are provided to businesses.  Public relations, promotions and sales representatives are some of the several areas that provide insight into the industry.  The movement into technology has also changed job prospects to offer computer related marketing and advertising for products.  The growth of this specific organizational sector is expected to rise by 13% within the next 10 years (BLS, 1, 2010).

1.1  The marketing organizations that are currently available include firms that have grown between 8-11.5% in the past year.  The following table shows the top 10 groups and the increase and changes within the corporation.

Each of these are known as global representatives of marketing and show substantial increase within the past year while carrying a diverse portfolio related to marketing initiatives for various corporations (Adage, 1, 2008).  The reports available come from several resources, specifically with reference to independent websites that show the portfolio of each of the firms as well as revenue increase within the past year.

The concepts which apply to these marketing firms also have different advertisements that are associated with the experience and success of the companies.  These are based on the several brand images and branches that each of the groups carries.  These are noted in the below examples:

Omnicom

(Branch of Omnicom.  Retrieved from: www.omnicomgroup.com).

WPP

(Branch of WPP.  Retrieved from: www.wildtangent.com).

Interpublic Group

(Retrieved from www.interpublic.com).

Publicis Groupe

(Retrieved from www.publicisgroupe.com).

Dentsu

(Bright Cove Affiliate Advertisement.  Retrieved from: www.brightcove.com).

Havas

(Retrieved from: www.havas.com)

Aegis

Consumer led – digitally ahead

Aegis Media brings together some of the worlds leading brands in
marketing services with a shared vision to create the communications
group of the future.

(Retrieved from www.aemedia.com)

Hakuhodo DY

(Retrieved from www.hakuhodo.jp).

Asatsu

(Retrieved from: www.88db.com)

MDC Partners

(Retrieved from Linked In)

1. 2  The industrial experience that will contribute to the management report is based on my interest in the field of marketing and the close associations I have had in terms of management of businesses.  Educational experience that is related to this is associated with an understanding of business management and how this interlinks to marketing.  The analysis will be presented with an understanding of the internal organization of the marketing groups as well as how they are continuing to build in diverse ways to ensure that there is continuous growth within the corporation.

Section 2

The aims of the management report will be to define how the marketing services are incorporated through the top firms.  An analysis of the internal environment as well as an understanding of how the firms are building relationships to clients through the service sector will contribute to the overall report.

2.1  The objectives include:

Define what is making the firms the top in the marketing industry

How is the internal environment organized to assist with change management

How is the internal environment able to provide consistency in services

How do customers interact and build relationships with the marketing industry leaders

The target of the management report will be to define a deeper understanding of how the organization is able to create a deeper association in the internal and external environment.  Marketing initiatives, responses from customers and an analysis of the internal environment will help to target the specific steps that the firms are taking for expected growth.

2.2  The aims, objectives and targets for the organization will assist me as a learner by creating a deeper understanding of how the different marketing organizations are building success.  The main component will be based on understanding the concept of total quality management, which redefines the way that I look at organizations.  Understanding how top companies are able to create an organization which continues to grow and prosper is one that can help me with my own management and objectives.

Section 3

To evaluate the progress of the aims and objectives, there will need to be a progression of results from different sources.  The first step to this is to identify the business model that is used in the internal environment and how it affects different businesses.  The model that is used with entrepreneurs and within the marketing field should be organized with the nature of the marketing organization, structure used and the evolution of the firm from the initial stages.  Looking at the history, foundation of the firms and how it has resulted in progression can then define what positive elements are associated with the business.  The activities will then help to evaluate and monitor the businesses growth (Morris et al, 726, 2005).  The monitoring of the internal structure will be followed by evaluating the external environment. Stakeholders, consumers and responses will be considered for this step.  This will be followed with an evaluation of the target market, specifically with recognition of whether international marketing and changes in the business environment are positively or negatively impacting the businesses.  This will be monitored by evaluating the overall results, growth and weaknesses of the corporation (Cavusgil, et al, 1, 2004).

3.1 To further monitor and evaluate the progress of the business, the need to have sustainable development as a main consideration will be looked into.  Sustainable development metrics include monitoring the overall growth of the company through yearly profit and loss and revenue, stakeholder agreements and the demands from consumers (Hussey et al, 1, 2001).  The models can be furthered with a SWOT analysis, which incorporates the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats that are a part of the corporation.  This will help to analyze both the internal and external environment while creating a model that defines how dynamic the corporations are.  By incorporating this component into the business analysis, there will be the ability to carry a deeper evaluation of the way in which the company has grown as well as what it can do to continue with future growth (Perrin, Godart, 63, 2004).

3.2  The progress with the original aims and objectives is one that is continuing to be achieved through the different models.  However, each of these are expanded on with the models, specifically because each integrates a different component to the model, analysis and the way in which each creates a specific type of activity.  As the models are incorporated with the firms, there is the ability to show more types of corporate activity and how this relates to the success and failure of the business through both the internal and external organization.

Section 4

The chosen group for the management analysis was Omnicom Group, the number one marketing firm on the globe.  This is a global advertising and communications group that works with branded networks, creative talent and communication to assist businesses in achieving their main goals.  The corporation is divided into three main brands, including BBDO Worldwide, DDB Worldwide and TBWA Worldwide.  These include a division into advertising agencies and a media group specifically for communication.  The structure is overlooked by a board of directors that is a part of the corporation.  This is furthered with group officers, each divided by the main companies, financial needs and the management over advertising and communication needs (Omnicom, 1, 2010).

The current strategy of the Omnicom Group has been given to each of the officers and manager to help with continuous growth and global recognition.  This includes diversifying the market, working with community and focusing on policies and corporate governance.  The Omnicom Group has built stakeholder recognition and growth not only through marketing trends but also by focusing on the global sustainability, business ethics and ability to give back to the community as a core component of the group.  This strategy is combined with creativity and alternatives that are offered through members of the Omnicom group management to help continue to build a broader sense of diversity and to have a higher impact on communities (Omnicom, 1, 2010).

The financial components of the Omnicom Group were a total of $793 million with earnings per share at $2.53.  This was divided between brand advertising at 44% and marketing services at 56%.  The United States took 53% of the market share and the rest of the world held 47% of the demand.  The increase on a quarterly basis is ranging at 4.2% with the division being between world and United States increase.  The world increase has moved to 5.9% and the domestic revenue increased by 7.4%.  This has also led to an increase in spending, with 2009 having net interest expense at 21.9% and 2010 spending at 23.7% (Omnicom, 1, 2010).  This shows that the overall increase of the company is moving forward both domestically and internationally.  The rise in expenses is one that accounts for new investments and prospects for growth.

The strengths of Omnicom Group come from two factors.  The first is the presentation of ethics, community responsibility and giving back as a corporation.  This attracts customers and works with current trends in offering more to the community.  This attracts stakeholders and customers with the idea of investing specifically to assist with ethical programs.  The second strength is from the focus on both global and domestic products.  The group has initiated this through three main companies that are divided specifically for domestic and international affairs.  This is furthered with the strength of having three main holdings that offer different types of services.  The division of services into marketing services and brand marketing help to create a stronger market.  This is further divided into various types of communication, such as media.  By creating the several branches of services, the corporation is able to easily expand while gaining more revenue from the consumers and stakeholders.

The weaknesses of the Omnicom Group are based on the gaps that are a part of the communication network which is built.  Omnicom Group focuses on global networks and creative talent needed for an agency.  This is combined with services such as brand building, national advertising agencies, media services, CRM, public relations and specialty communications.  The focus in each of these, as stated by Omnicom Group, is based on traditional methods of advertising (Omnicom, 1, 2010).  The services and the brand building, while still needed for several corporations, are not consistent with the needed trends for marketing and advertising.  The use of technology was one of the noted components that are changing advertising.  However, Omnicom uses this as a secondary trait, which is one of the main weaknesses of the company.

The opportunities of Omnicom Group come from the strong basis it has in marketing and advertising.  The continuous growth in revenue and the demands that are noted on a global basis can provide the company with a new focus for building a different focus for the company.  By diversifying the portfolio of services, it will become easier to combine the trends and needs of the corporation with services and brands that are a part of the group.  This can be incorporated because of the division of the internal environment, which consists of several divisions in the company.  Each can begin to work toward more innovative measures that provide new opportunities within the market.

The threats that are associated with this are from other marketing groups that are also in demand and which are incorporating newer trends in their firm.  The growth of these new trends and technology will continue to grow.  Unless Omnicom Group can diversify the portfolio to more innovative measures and trends, there is a chance that competitors will not stay as the best international network brand that is currently in the market.  To overcome these threats, Omnicom Group will need to incorporate new measures of innovation with technology and alternative means of advertising.

The opportunities available through Omnicom Group have allowed them to remain the top marketing firm on an international basis.  The strong ethical background, focus on community and the diversity of products and services have allowed them to remain a top marketing corporation.  However, the newer techniques of technology and marketing services are not incorporated into Omnicom Group which may change the demands as a part of the company.  To alter the corporation so it continues to grow, more innovative measures will be needed to change the growth and opportunities of the corporation.

References

Adage.  2008.  “Top 25 Marketing Organizations.”  Retrieved from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeminglee/2166646905/#/.

BLS.  2010.  “Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers.”  Retrieved from: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos020.htm.

Cavusgil, Tamer, Seyda Deligonul, Attila Yaprak.  2005.  “International Marketing as a Field of Study: A Critical Assessment of Earlier Development and a Look Forward.”  American Marketing Association (13), (4).

Hussey, Dennis, Patrick Kirsop, Ronald Meissen.  2001.  “Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines: An Evaluation of Sustainable Development Metrics for Industry.”  Environmental Quality Management (11), (1).

Morris, Michael, Minet Schindehutte, Jeffrey Allen.  2005.  “The Entrepreneur’s Business Model: Toward a Unified Perspective.”  Journal of Business Research (58), (6).

Omnicom.  2010.  Omnicom Group. Retrieved from:ings. http://www.omnicomgroup.com/InvestorRelations/QuarterlyEarn

Perrin, Olivier, Claude Godart.  2004.  “A Model to Support Collaborative Work in Virtual Enterprises.”  Data and Knowledge Engineering (50), (1).