07 Sep 2010
Sample Essay: Term Paper
It is part of the objectives of the American government to support Iraq in establishing a democratic government. They have military civil affairs in Iraq helping the local sheiks and leaders on how they could set up their local democratic government after long years of dictatorship. The civil affairs worked with the local sheiks in forming a local government in the area. Apparently, they had difficulties in finding representation in certain areas other than security forces. In Jazeera, they are giving more emphasis on reconstruction projects to stir the economic growth. Furthermore, the American civil affairs are also teaching the locals of the region on how they will face living in the transition from dictatorship to a functioning democratic system (Munson, 2010)). Part of civil affair’s responsibility is to serve their diplomats in the area in doing every support they have for the local sheiks. The affairs are also serving Iraq as advisers for the democratic process. Overall, they found out that many of the local sheiks are interested to learn about the democratic system and adapt it eventually. In the transition, the civil affairs presented to the local leaders of the region about the importance of having transparency in the government. They are working to educate the people about democracy, and during the process most of the civil affairs have to write all about it and they have to stick to the standards. During the early stage, the civil affairs focused on the Jazeera Council who will handle most of the reconstruction project in the area. It is the Jazeera Council who will control the funds for reconstruction. In this stage, the civil affairs also have to teach everything to the council including on how to account the money. Many scholars believed that the transition to democracy in Iraq will take time; although, the American coalition show willingness to do and finish their work before leaving Iraq.
The hostility between the minority Sunni and majority Shiite (Everest, 2010). Many scholars believed that there is no valid comparison between the American Revolution and with the overthrow of Hussein regime in Iraq. In the American Revolution, they took several years of struggles before obtaining their parity with the mother country. During the American Revolution, the Americans have to cover relatively small colonies against the powerful empires in the world which is Great Britain. The Americans fought against the objective of Great Britain to retain autocratic control over the affairs in American colonies. The revolution took place during the era of new ideas and enlightenment regarding liberty and equality. The only synergy between the overthrow of Hussein regime in Iraq and the American Revolution is the kind of government which they are trying to develop in Iraq. There are claims that in examining democratization, America model is not the only model considering that its process was not indigenous to the Iraqi people. It is known that Israel has democracy; however, the American government has structured form of government including their election system. In the overthrow of Hussein regime, anti Saddam Iraqis faced several challenges due to Furthermore, the sectarian and ethnic diversity in Iraq contributed to make it more difficult for democratization. on the other hand, during the American Revolution, large Anglo colonials rebelled against the British crown; however, they don’t have any difficulty involving diversity and they don’t have to cope with the same power that have arisen in Iraq. Finally, in the overthrow of Hussein regime there is no peace proposition promising that the poor and illiberal democracies will still be surrounded by autocratic countries. Unlike the American Revolution, they had the leading figures on Enlightenment ideology. It shows that until now Sunnis and Shiites are still hostile to one another.
According to Greek philosopher Aristotle, democracy is not the best form of government after he compared it with other forms of ruling such as monarchy and oligarchy. Aristotle emphasized that democracy is for and by the people who is far different from monarchy wherein the ruler has he interest of his country (Hummel, 2010). For Aristotle, true form of government should have rulers that are leisured and propertied in order for them to invest their time in producing virtue. Aristotle believed that the best practicable state is the one which virtue has the best of influence wherein the political functions should be assigned to the few rich and other functions to the many poor, to produce a balance of the classes. Aristotle believed that it wasn’t right for the government to disrespect the citizens and it wasn’t right for the government to seize a land from citizen. However, in eighteenth century the things started hopping when the Europeans started making waves with some revolutionary ideas. During the Age of Enlightenment, there are philosophers who went around encouraging people to seek alternatives against the oppressive government. After the Revolution War, the Americans chose democracy and they don’t give favor to monarchy knowing that its form of government is comprised of hereditary rulers who share the same bloodline. The Americans after the Revolution believed that they fought for independence in the first place was to free themselves from government structures that don’t have consent for the people. They prefer the democratic form of government which the people hold the power to rule themselves. The founding fathers of democracy believed that at some point America will become a big nation and by the time it happens, there will be no way they could possibly get everyone together to vote and agree on every single thing.
It is argued that the American government is supporting to bolster the protection of unborn life. It shows that the effort of government is not sufficient without a legal support and it is inadequate to secure legal protection of life. Pro-life movement claimed that jailing women who get abortions is not a fair representation of their argument. They believed that the general body politic is willing to have abortion restricted by human law, but not prohibited. At one time, pro-life movement taught that the Constitution should be interpreted in light of the unalienable right to life which was stated in the Declaration of Independence (Paul, 2010). Right now, the movement is trying to call upon the Congress to propose an amendment to the Constitution to eliminate any doubt that unborn child possess life legally and scientifically. The church has strategically chosen to take incremental steps to conform human to God. Pro-life movement believed that human life should be valued from implantation until its natural death. On the other hand, there are pro-life that are not exclusively associated with Christian morality. Mainly, their viewpoint is that any destruction of human life is considered morally and ethically wrong and it is not mitigated by any benefits. Furthermore, there are pro-life advocates that are against the introduction of birth control especially the hormonal contraception and copper IUD that prevent the implantation of embryo. For them, pregnancy begins at fertilization and certain forms of contraceptives work like abortifacients. Even the Catholics endorse that hormonal contraception has effect to fertilization. Apparently, the position of pro-life movement is not exclusively connected to religious beliefs regarding the sanctity of life. Most of the opinions in the issue of abortion is being reflected on religious groups. The Church opposes abortion and they are after the safeguarding of life and the well being of the pregnant woman.
Generally, a welfare state is a government that provides for the welfare of its citizen. In the process, the government is involved in the lives of the people particularly in providing their physical and social needs. The main objective of the government in welfare state is to assure the equitable standards to its people and create economic equality. In welfare state, the government has important role in providing housing, education, sustenance, healthcare, other goods and services to its citizen (Mitchell, 2010). On the other hand, some nations don’t really have true welfare states considering that goods and services are only given to certain people who meet eligibility requirements. Overall, a welfare state is socialist in nature redistributing the wealth and taxing the middle and upper class to provide goods and services. In terms of the general welfare clause of the US Constitution, the government has the right to collect taxes to pay the debt and provide defense and general welfare of the Americans. In the Constitution, the power of the Congress was specified including their powers in regulating commerce between states. Based on the tax regulations, the government will be considered to be operated exclusively for social welfare purposes such as bringing civic betterments and social improvements. However, there are claims that the promotion of social welfare is carrying business with the general public and they are almost similar to other organizations that are operated for profit. Overall, social welfare should be understood as the well being of the people as community. It shows that general welfare clause holds no power outside of specific items government to control and regulate. It must always remember that the Constitution was written for the government, and the general welfare refers to government itself and not of individual citizens.
In the United States, gender roles are seen as dynamic and they considered it as a product of cultural contexts in which men and women are socialized. They believed that gender roles are based on attitudes and cultural beliefs of the people that change within the historical frames (Anselmi, 2010). In the United States, the role of women undergone significant transformation wherein most women nowadays assumed the roles and behaviors traditionally viewed as for men. The meshing of gender roles predominates in Western countries especially the industrialized area. They believed that gender role orientations has great link with the behavior of the people and can be reflected in athletic participation and alcohol consumption. In the past decades, the Americans have made strides in adjusting and accepting the new definition of gender roles. Based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics, women make up almost 50 percent of the total workplace. It shows that the presence of women in the workplace including their behaviors and attitudes had change. United States government are now requiring the companies to come up with policies that are family friendly to cater women workers such as by implementing flexi time, job sharing, and on-site child care policies. The government is also concerned with the issues involving sexual harassment, and they feel that companies need to be cautious in dealing with it. In the last generation, the United States is dealing with revising its traditional gender roles knowing that there have been significant changes in gender roles affecting the workplace, school, and home affecting the American population.
Generally, affirmative action on racial policies refers to programs that are providing advantages for people of a minority group seen to have been discriminated in terms of their access to employment, education, social welfare, and healthcare. Affirmative action promotes employment equity requiring the institutions to increase their hiring of mandated groups. In some areas, they introduced the use of racial quotas to avoid discrimination during the hiring or application process (Crawford, 2010). Indeed, affirmative actions on racial policy require institutions of being race-blind and act against discrimination. They ensure equal opportunity and encouraging ethnic minority to join even in their police force. In my opinion, affirmative action on racial policy should be implemented knowing that the United States is composed of a diverse community. Through affirmative actions, there will equal distribution of education, jobs, and wealth. It is proper to support the affirmative action on racial policy considering that many of the minorities are underrepresented. It is only through affirmative action on racial policy that the Americans can correct the history of discrimination against minority group.
World War II was the most violent armed conflicts in the history that continues to absorb the interest of military historians. World War II teach the Americans not only about the profession of arms, but also to military preparedness, global strategy, and operations in the coalition of war. The United States carried out its mission in defending the continental United States including other overseas possessions like in the Philippines. They launched limited preparedness campaign and they drafter series of war plans to deal with the threatening international situation (Davis, 2010). The focus of the Americans during World War II was on military policy. Unlike the participation of the United States on Global War on terror, they give greater emphasis on antiterrorism legislation that could significantly expand the police powers. Global war on terror requires the US government a wide range of actions and policies including the establishment and vast expansion of surveillance systems. This time, the United States forfeited its reputation as icon of justice and democracy, even among its closest allies. Scholars believed that the United States undermined it moral authority by having flouted the accepted rules or war.
9. Economic internationalism encompasses the quality and condition in order for the country to be international in the aspect of principles, character, attitude and concern. It is also considered as a belief in cooperation which is between the nations but for the purpose of achieving the common good (Thoma, 2010). One of the dimensions in economic internationalism is its classical theory wherein the assumptions are being regarded as the nations of community. Thus, the nations are interacting by means of trade. The nation can be described as individual but of economic and rational entity; economic internationalism is the economics of community but it is a community that a government may not even rule. This means the economy of the world is classified as national community. Furthermore, this dimension is underpinning such free trade with the assumption that there should be no international migration and investment.
10. The current debate on migration policy is the fact that it can bring higher economic benefits for the purpose of receiving the families, immigrants and at the same time the society. As previously studied, though migration policy is well-managed, organized and legal, the economy is still well affected due to increasing number of migrants in the country, particularly the United States. There are many migrants who are willing to work abroad and adapt the lifestyle of the country, because of their dreams that most of them can escape their hard lives in their own countries (Perez, 2010). But since, most migrants are willing to work with lower pay in order to survive and live in their chosen country; the citizens of that country cannot find any jobs because of rising competition from migrants.
Reference
Anselmi. Gender Roles. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://family.jrank.org/pages/686/Gender-Gender-Roles-Stereotypes.html
Crawford. Affirmative Action on Racial Policy. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www.debatingracialpreference.org/PREFACE.htm
Davis, Todd. Global War on Terror. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www.globalwaronterror.net/index.htm
Everest, Larry. New US War on Iraq. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://rwor.org/a/v23/1140-1147/1140/iraq.htm
Hummel, Charles. Aristotle. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/aristote.pdf.
Mitchell. Welfare State. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/wstate.htm
Munson. Iraqi in Transition Potomac. Books Publisher, 2009, pp 142-160.
Paul, Ron. Prolife Politics. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul240.html
Perez. Impact of Immigrants. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/
Thoma, Mark. Healthy Globalization. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from:
http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2008/05/a-strategy-to-p.html